1 /*
2  * Copyright (C) 2014 The Android Open Source Project
3  *
4  * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5  * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6  * You may obtain a copy of the License at
7  *
8  *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
9  *
10  * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11  * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12  * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13  * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14  * limitations under the License.
15  */
16 
17 #include "base/arena_allocator.h"
18 #include "builder.h"
19 #include "code_generator.h"
20 #include "dex/dex_file.h"
21 #include "dex/dex_instruction.h"
22 #include "driver/compiler_options.h"
23 #include "nodes.h"
24 #include "optimizing_unit_test.h"
25 #include "prepare_for_register_allocation.h"
26 #include "ssa_liveness_analysis.h"
27 
28 namespace art {
29 
30 class LivenessTest : public OptimizingUnitTest {
31  protected:
32   void TestCode(const std::vector<uint16_t>& data, const char* expected);
33 };
34 
DumpBitVector(BitVector * vector,std::ostream & buffer,size_t count,const char * prefix)35 static void DumpBitVector(BitVector* vector,
36                           std::ostream& buffer,
37                           size_t count,
38                           const char* prefix) {
39   buffer << prefix;
40   buffer << '(';
41   for (size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
42     buffer << vector->IsBitSet(i);
43   }
44   buffer << ")\n";
45 }
46 
TestCode(const std::vector<uint16_t> & data,const char * expected)47 void LivenessTest::TestCode(const std::vector<uint16_t>& data, const char* expected) {
48   HGraph* graph = CreateCFG(data);
49   // `Inline` conditions into ifs.
50   PrepareForRegisterAllocation(graph, *compiler_options_).Run();
51   std::unique_ptr<CodeGenerator> codegen = CodeGenerator::Create(graph, *compiler_options_);
52   SsaLivenessAnalysis liveness(graph, codegen.get(), GetScopedAllocator());
53   liveness.Analyze();
54 
55   std::ostringstream buffer;
56   for (HBasicBlock* block : graph->GetBlocks()) {
57     buffer << "Block " << block->GetBlockId() << std::endl;
58     size_t ssa_values = liveness.GetNumberOfSsaValues();
59     BitVector* live_in = liveness.GetLiveInSet(*block);
60     DumpBitVector(live_in, buffer, ssa_values, "  live in: ");
61     BitVector* live_out = liveness.GetLiveOutSet(*block);
62     DumpBitVector(live_out, buffer, ssa_values, "  live out: ");
63     BitVector* kill = liveness.GetKillSet(*block);
64     DumpBitVector(kill, buffer, ssa_values, "  kill: ");
65   }
66   ASSERT_STREQ(expected, buffer.str().c_str());
67 }
68 
TEST_F(LivenessTest,CFG1)69 TEST_F(LivenessTest, CFG1) {
70   const char* expected =
71     "Block 0\n"
72     "  live in: (0)\n"
73     "  live out: (0)\n"
74     "  kill: (1)\n"
75     "Block 1\n"
76     "  live in: (0)\n"
77     "  live out: (0)\n"
78     "  kill: (0)\n"
79     "Block 2\n"
80     "  live in: (0)\n"
81     "  live out: (0)\n"
82     "  kill: (0)\n";
83 
84   // Constant is not used.
85   const std::vector<uint16_t> data = ONE_REGISTER_CODE_ITEM(
86     Instruction::CONST_4 | 0 | 0,
87     Instruction::RETURN_VOID);
88 
89   TestCode(data, expected);
90 }
91 
TEST_F(LivenessTest,CFG2)92 TEST_F(LivenessTest, CFG2) {
93   const char* expected =
94     "Block 0\n"
95     "  live in: (0)\n"
96     "  live out: (1)\n"
97     "  kill: (1)\n"
98     "Block 1\n"
99     "  live in: (1)\n"
100     "  live out: (0)\n"
101     "  kill: (0)\n"
102     "Block 2\n"
103     "  live in: (0)\n"
104     "  live out: (0)\n"
105     "  kill: (0)\n";
106 
107   const std::vector<uint16_t> data = ONE_REGISTER_CODE_ITEM(
108     Instruction::CONST_4 | 0 | 0,
109     Instruction::RETURN);
110 
111   TestCode(data, expected);
112 }
113 
TEST_F(LivenessTest,CFG3)114 TEST_F(LivenessTest, CFG3) {
115   const char* expected =
116     "Block 0\n"  // entry block
117     "  live in: (000)\n"
118     "  live out: (110)\n"
119     "  kill: (110)\n"
120     "Block 1\n"  // block with add
121     "  live in: (110)\n"
122     "  live out: (001)\n"
123     "  kill: (001)\n"
124     "Block 2\n"  // block with return
125     "  live in: (001)\n"
126     "  live out: (000)\n"
127     "  kill: (000)\n"
128     "Block 3\n"  // exit block
129     "  live in: (000)\n"
130     "  live out: (000)\n"
131     "  kill: (000)\n";
132 
133   const std::vector<uint16_t> data = TWO_REGISTERS_CODE_ITEM(
134     Instruction::CONST_4 | 3 << 12 | 0,
135     Instruction::CONST_4 | 4 << 12 | 1 << 8,
136     Instruction::ADD_INT_2ADDR | 1 << 12,
137     Instruction::GOTO | 0x100,
138     Instruction::RETURN);
139 
140   TestCode(data, expected);
141 }
142 
TEST_F(LivenessTest,CFG4)143 TEST_F(LivenessTest, CFG4) {
144   // var a;
145   // if (0 == 0) {
146   //   a = 5;
147   // } else {
148   //   a = 4;
149   // }
150   // return a;
151   //
152   // Bitsets are made of:
153   // (constant0, constant5, constant4, phi)
154   const char* expected =
155     "Block 0\n"  // entry block
156     "  live in: (0000)\n"
157     "  live out: (1110)\n"
158     "  kill: (1110)\n"
159     "Block 1\n"  // block with if
160     "  live in: (1110)\n"
161     "  live out: (0110)\n"
162     "  kill: (0000)\n"
163     "Block 2\n"  // else block
164     "  live in: (0010)\n"
165     "  live out: (0000)\n"
166     "  kill: (0000)\n"
167     "Block 3\n"  // then block
168     "  live in: (0100)\n"
169     "  live out: (0000)\n"
170     "  kill: (0000)\n"
171     "Block 4\n"  // return block
172     "  live in: (0000)\n"
173     "  live out: (0000)\n"
174     "  kill: (0001)\n"
175     "Block 5\n"  // exit block
176     "  live in: (0000)\n"
177     "  live out: (0000)\n"
178     "  kill: (0000)\n";
179 
180   const std::vector<uint16_t> data = ONE_REGISTER_CODE_ITEM(
181     Instruction::CONST_4 | 0 | 0,
182     Instruction::IF_EQ, 4,
183     Instruction::CONST_4 | 4 << 12 | 0,
184     Instruction::GOTO | 0x200,
185     Instruction::CONST_4 | 5 << 12 | 0,
186     Instruction::RETURN | 0 << 8);
187 
188   TestCode(data, expected);
189 }
190 
TEST_F(LivenessTest,CFG5)191 TEST_F(LivenessTest, CFG5) {
192   // var a = 0;
193   // if (0 == 0) {
194   // } else {
195   //   a = 4;
196   // }
197   // return a;
198   //
199   // Bitsets are made of:
200   // (constant0, constant4, phi)
201   const char* expected =
202     "Block 0\n"  // entry block
203     "  live in: (000)\n"
204     "  live out: (110)\n"
205     "  kill: (110)\n"
206     "Block 1\n"  // block with if
207     "  live in: (110)\n"
208     "  live out: (110)\n"
209     "  kill: (000)\n"
210     "Block 2\n"  // else block
211     "  live in: (010)\n"
212     "  live out: (000)\n"
213     "  kill: (000)\n"
214     "Block 3\n"  // return block
215     "  live in: (000)\n"
216     "  live out: (000)\n"
217     "  kill: (001)\n"
218     "Block 4\n"  // exit block
219     "  live in: (000)\n"
220     "  live out: (000)\n"
221     "  kill: (000)\n"
222     "Block 5\n"  // block to avoid critical edge. Predecessor is 1, successor is 3.
223     "  live in: (100)\n"
224     "  live out: (000)\n"
225     "  kill: (000)\n";
226 
227   const std::vector<uint16_t> data = ONE_REGISTER_CODE_ITEM(
228     Instruction::CONST_4 | 0 | 0,
229     Instruction::IF_EQ, 3,
230     Instruction::CONST_4 | 4 << 12 | 0,
231     Instruction::RETURN | 0 << 8);
232 
233   TestCode(data, expected);
234 }
235 
TEST_F(LivenessTest,Loop1)236 TEST_F(LivenessTest, Loop1) {
237   // Simple loop with one preheader and one back edge.
238   // var a = 0;
239   // while (a == a) {
240   //   a = 4;
241   // }
242   // return;
243   // Bitsets are made of:
244   // (constant0, constant4, phi)
245   const char* expected =
246     "Block 0\n"  // entry block
247     "  live in: (000)\n"
248     "  live out: (110)\n"
249     "  kill: (110)\n"
250     "Block 1\n"  // pre header
251     "  live in: (110)\n"
252     "  live out: (010)\n"
253     "  kill: (000)\n"
254     "Block 2\n"  // loop header
255     "  live in: (010)\n"
256     "  live out: (010)\n"
257     "  kill: (001)\n"
258     "Block 3\n"  // back edge
259     "  live in: (010)\n"
260     "  live out: (010)\n"
261     "  kill: (000)\n"
262     "Block 4\n"  // return block
263     "  live in: (000)\n"
264     "  live out: (000)\n"
265     "  kill: (000)\n"
266     "Block 5\n"  // exit block
267     "  live in: (000)\n"
268     "  live out: (000)\n"
269     "  kill: (000)\n";
270 
271 
272   const std::vector<uint16_t> data = ONE_REGISTER_CODE_ITEM(
273     Instruction::CONST_4 | 0 | 0,
274     Instruction::IF_EQ, 4,
275     Instruction::CONST_4 | 4 << 12 | 0,
276     Instruction::GOTO | 0xFD00,
277     Instruction::RETURN_VOID);
278 
279   TestCode(data, expected);
280 }
281 
TEST_F(LivenessTest,Loop3)282 TEST_F(LivenessTest, Loop3) {
283   // Test that the returned value stays live in a preceding loop.
284   // var a = 0;
285   // while (a == a) {
286   //   a = 4;
287   // }
288   // return 5;
289   // Bitsets are made of:
290   // (constant0, constant5, constant4, phi)
291   const char* expected =
292     "Block 0\n"
293     "  live in: (0000)\n"
294     "  live out: (1110)\n"
295     "  kill: (1110)\n"
296     "Block 1\n"
297     "  live in: (1110)\n"
298     "  live out: (0110)\n"
299     "  kill: (0000)\n"
300     "Block 2\n"  // loop header
301     "  live in: (0110)\n"
302     "  live out: (0110)\n"
303     "  kill: (0001)\n"
304     "Block 3\n"  // back edge
305     "  live in: (0110)\n"
306     "  live out: (0110)\n"
307     "  kill: (0000)\n"
308     "Block 4\n"  // return block
309     "  live in: (0100)\n"
310     "  live out: (0000)\n"
311     "  kill: (0000)\n"
312     "Block 5\n"  // exit block
313     "  live in: (0000)\n"
314     "  live out: (0000)\n"
315     "  kill: (0000)\n";
316 
317   const std::vector<uint16_t> data = TWO_REGISTERS_CODE_ITEM(
318     Instruction::CONST_4 | 0 | 0,
319     Instruction::IF_EQ, 4,
320     Instruction::CONST_4 | 4 << 12 | 0,
321     Instruction::GOTO | 0xFD00,
322     Instruction::CONST_4 | 5 << 12 | 1 << 8,
323     Instruction::RETURN | 1 << 8);
324 
325   TestCode(data, expected);
326 }
327 
328 
TEST_F(LivenessTest,Loop4)329 TEST_F(LivenessTest, Loop4) {
330   // Make sure we support a preheader of a loop not being the first predecessor
331   // in the predecessor list of the header.
332   // var a = 0;
333   // while (a == a) {
334   //   a = 4;
335   // }
336   // return a;
337   // Bitsets are made of:
338   // (constant0, constant4, phi)
339   const char* expected =
340     "Block 0\n"
341     "  live in: (000)\n"
342     "  live out: (110)\n"
343     "  kill: (110)\n"
344     "Block 1\n"
345     "  live in: (110)\n"
346     "  live out: (110)\n"
347     "  kill: (000)\n"
348     "Block 2\n"  // loop header
349     "  live in: (010)\n"
350     "  live out: (011)\n"
351     "  kill: (001)\n"
352     "Block 3\n"  // back edge
353     "  live in: (010)\n"
354     "  live out: (010)\n"
355     "  kill: (000)\n"
356     "Block 4\n"  // pre loop header
357     "  live in: (110)\n"
358     "  live out: (010)\n"
359     "  kill: (000)\n"
360     "Block 5\n"  // return block
361     "  live in: (001)\n"
362     "  live out: (000)\n"
363     "  kill: (000)\n"
364     "Block 6\n"  // exit block
365     "  live in: (000)\n"
366     "  live out: (000)\n"
367     "  kill: (000)\n";
368 
369   const std::vector<uint16_t> data = ONE_REGISTER_CODE_ITEM(
370     Instruction::CONST_4 | 0 | 0,
371     Instruction::GOTO | 0x500,
372     Instruction::IF_EQ, 5,
373     Instruction::CONST_4 | 4 << 12 | 0,
374     Instruction::GOTO | 0xFD00,
375     Instruction::GOTO | 0xFC00,
376     Instruction::RETURN | 0 << 8);
377 
378   TestCode(data, expected);
379 }
380 
TEST_F(LivenessTest,Loop5)381 TEST_F(LivenessTest, Loop5) {
382   // Make sure we create a preheader of a loop when a header originally has two
383   // incoming blocks and one back edge.
384   // Bitsets are made of:
385   // (constant0, constant5, constant4, phi in block 8)
386   const char* expected =
387     "Block 0\n"
388     "  live in: (0000)\n"
389     "  live out: (1110)\n"
390     "  kill: (1110)\n"
391     "Block 1\n"
392     "  live in: (1110)\n"
393     "  live out: (0110)\n"
394     "  kill: (0000)\n"
395     "Block 2\n"
396     "  live in: (0010)\n"
397     "  live out: (0000)\n"
398     "  kill: (0000)\n"
399     "Block 3\n"
400     "  live in: (0100)\n"
401     "  live out: (0000)\n"
402     "  kill: (0000)\n"
403     "Block 4\n"  // loop header
404     "  live in: (0001)\n"
405     "  live out: (0001)\n"
406     "  kill: (0000)\n"
407     "Block 5\n"  // back edge
408     "  live in: (0001)\n"
409     "  live out: (0001)\n"
410     "  kill: (0000)\n"
411     "Block 6\n"  // return block
412     "  live in: (0001)\n"
413     "  live out: (0000)\n"
414     "  kill: (0000)\n"
415     "Block 7\n"  // exit block
416     "  live in: (0000)\n"
417     "  live out: (0000)\n"
418     "  kill: (0000)\n"
419     "Block 8\n"  // synthesized pre header
420     "  live in: (0000)\n"
421     "  live out: (0001)\n"
422     "  kill: (0001)\n";
423 
424   const std::vector<uint16_t> data = ONE_REGISTER_CODE_ITEM(
425     Instruction::CONST_4 | 0 | 0,
426     Instruction::IF_EQ, 4,
427     Instruction::CONST_4 | 4 << 12 | 0,
428     Instruction::GOTO | 0x200,
429     Instruction::CONST_4 | 5 << 12 | 0,
430     Instruction::IF_EQ, 3,
431     Instruction::GOTO | 0xFE00,
432     Instruction::RETURN | 0 << 8);
433 
434   TestCode(data, expected);
435 }
436 
TEST_F(LivenessTest,Loop6)437 TEST_F(LivenessTest, Loop6) {
438   // Bitsets are made of:
439   // (constant0, constant4, constant5, phi in block 2)
440   const char* expected =
441     "Block 0\n"
442     "  live in: (0000)\n"
443     "  live out: (1110)\n"
444     "  kill: (1110)\n"
445     "Block 1\n"
446     "  live in: (1110)\n"
447     "  live out: (0110)\n"
448     "  kill: (0000)\n"
449     "Block 2\n"  // loop header
450     "  live in: (0110)\n"
451     "  live out: (0111)\n"
452     "  kill: (0001)\n"
453     "Block 3\n"
454     "  live in: (0110)\n"
455     "  live out: (0110)\n"
456     "  kill: (0000)\n"
457     "Block 4\n"  // back edge
458     "  live in: (0110)\n"
459     "  live out: (0110)\n"
460     "  kill: (0000)\n"
461     "Block 5\n"  // back edge
462     "  live in: (0110)\n"
463     "  live out: (0110)\n"
464     "  kill: (0000)\n"
465     "Block 6\n"  // return block
466     "  live in: (0001)\n"
467     "  live out: (0000)\n"
468     "  kill: (0000)\n"
469     "Block 7\n"  // exit block
470     "  live in: (0000)\n"
471     "  live out: (0000)\n"
472     "  kill: (0000)\n";
473 
474   const std::vector<uint16_t> data = ONE_REGISTER_CODE_ITEM(
475     Instruction::CONST_4 | 0 | 0,
476     Instruction::IF_EQ, 8,
477     Instruction::CONST_4 | 4 << 12 | 0,
478     Instruction::IF_EQ, 4,
479     Instruction::CONST_4 | 5 << 12 | 0,
480     Instruction::GOTO | 0xFA00,
481     Instruction::GOTO | 0xF900,
482     Instruction::RETURN | 0 << 8);
483 
484   TestCode(data, expected);
485 }
486 
487 
TEST_F(LivenessTest,Loop7)488 TEST_F(LivenessTest, Loop7) {
489   // Bitsets are made of:
490   // (constant0, constant4, constant5, phi in block 2, phi in block 6)
491   const char* expected =
492     "Block 0\n"
493     "  live in: (00000)\n"
494     "  live out: (11100)\n"
495     "  kill: (11100)\n"
496     "Block 1\n"
497     "  live in: (11100)\n"
498     "  live out: (01100)\n"
499     "  kill: (00000)\n"
500     "Block 2\n"  // loop header
501     "  live in: (01100)\n"
502     "  live out: (01110)\n"
503     "  kill: (00010)\n"
504     "Block 3\n"
505     "  live in: (01100)\n"
506     "  live out: (01100)\n"
507     "  kill: (00000)\n"
508     "Block 4\n"  // loop exit
509     "  live in: (00100)\n"
510     "  live out: (00000)\n"
511     "  kill: (00000)\n"
512     "Block 5\n"  // back edge
513     "  live in: (01100)\n"
514     "  live out: (01100)\n"
515     "  kill: (00000)\n"
516     "Block 6\n"  // return block
517     "  live in: (00000)\n"
518     "  live out: (00000)\n"
519     "  kill: (00001)\n"
520     "Block 7\n"  // exit block
521     "  live in: (00000)\n"
522     "  live out: (00000)\n"
523     "  kill: (00000)\n"
524     "Block 8\n"  // synthesized block to avoid critical edge.
525     "  live in: (00010)\n"
526     "  live out: (00000)\n"
527     "  kill: (00000)\n";
528 
529   const std::vector<uint16_t> data = ONE_REGISTER_CODE_ITEM(
530     Instruction::CONST_4 | 0 | 0,
531     Instruction::IF_EQ, 8,
532     Instruction::CONST_4 | 4 << 12 | 0,
533     Instruction::IF_EQ, 4,
534     Instruction::CONST_4 | 5 << 12 | 0,
535     Instruction::GOTO | 0x0200,
536     Instruction::GOTO | 0xF900,
537     Instruction::RETURN | 0 << 8);
538 
539   TestCode(data, expected);
540 }
541 
TEST_F(LivenessTest,Loop8)542 TEST_F(LivenessTest, Loop8) {
543   // var a = 0;
544   // while (a == a) {
545   //   a = a + a;
546   // }
547   // return a;
548   //
549   // We want to test that the ins of the loop exit
550   // does contain the phi.
551   // Bitsets are made of:
552   // (constant0, phi, add)
553   const char* expected =
554     "Block 0\n"
555     "  live in: (000)\n"
556     "  live out: (100)\n"
557     "  kill: (100)\n"
558     "Block 1\n"  // pre loop header
559     "  live in: (100)\n"
560     "  live out: (000)\n"
561     "  kill: (000)\n"
562     "Block 2\n"  // loop header
563     "  live in: (000)\n"
564     "  live out: (010)\n"
565     "  kill: (010)\n"
566     "Block 3\n"  // back edge
567     "  live in: (010)\n"
568     "  live out: (000)\n"
569     "  kill: (001)\n"
570     "Block 4\n"  // return block
571     "  live in: (010)\n"
572     "  live out: (000)\n"
573     "  kill: (000)\n"
574     "Block 5\n"  // exit block
575     "  live in: (000)\n"
576     "  live out: (000)\n"
577     "  kill: (000)\n";
578 
579   const std::vector<uint16_t> data = ONE_REGISTER_CODE_ITEM(
580     Instruction::CONST_4 | 0 | 0,
581     Instruction::IF_EQ, 6,
582     Instruction::ADD_INT, 0, 0,
583     Instruction::GOTO | 0xFB00,
584     Instruction::RETURN | 0 << 8);
585 
586   TestCode(data, expected);
587 }
588 
589 }  // namespace art
590